Which type of speciation occurs due to geographic barriers leading to reproductive isolation?

The correct answer is Allopatric Speciation, which occurs when a population is divided by geographic barriers such as mountains, rivers, or distance, leading to reproductive isolation. When populations become geographically separated, they can no longer interbreed, and over time, the isolated populations may undergo genetic changes due to natural selection, genetic drift, or mutation. These changes can lead to the development of distinct species, as the separated populations adapt to their unique environments and evolutionary pressures.

This process is fundamental in understanding how species evolve and diversify, as geographic isolation creates opportunities for different evolutionary paths. As a result, the populations may develop different characteristics and reproductive mechanisms, solidifying their status as separate species despite their common ancestry.