What separates during anaphase I of meiosis?

During anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes are the structures that separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. This process is critical for reducing the chromosome number in the resulting gametes, ensuring that each gamete receives only one chromosome from each homologous pair.

In meiosis, the first division is designed to separate these homologous chromosomes, which each consist of two sister chromatids, but it is important to note that the sister chromatids do not separate until anaphase II. Thus, the focus during anaphase I is specifically on the separation of homologous chromosomes.

The term "diploid cells" refers to the entire cell at the beginning of meiosis before any divisions occur, while "haploid gametes" refers to the end products of meiosis after both divisions have been completed. Hence, these terms don't accurately describe what happens during anaphase I. The distinction is crucial in understanding the mechanics of meiosis and its role in sexual reproduction.