What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the cell?

The primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the cell is to transport amino acids for protein synthesis. tRNA molecules play a crucial role in translating the genetic code from messenger RNA (mRNA) into a sequence of amino acids, which ultimately form proteins. Each tRNA is specific to one amino acid and has an anticodon region that pairs with a corresponding codon on the mRNA strand during translation. This process ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain in the right sequence as dictated by the mRNA, which is essential for producing functional proteins.

Other options address different cellular processes. Assembling ribosomes is primarily the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins, not tRNA. DNA replication involves enzymes like DNA polymerase, and while some RNA molecules are involved in the process, tRNA is not one of them. Generating energy for cellular processes is primarily the role of ATP and other energy carriers, rather than tRNA, which focuses on protein synthesis.