What does the Biological Species Concept define?

The Biological Species Concept defines species as groups of populations that have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable offspring. This concept emphasizes reproductive isolation, meaning that members of the same species are capable of mating with one another, while members of different species typically cannot breed successfully.

This criterion is crucial because it explains the mechanism by which species maintain their integrity and distinctiveness over time. Under this definition, factors such as geographical separation or behavioral differences that prevent interbreeding distinguish one species from another.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the core principle of the Biological Species Concept. Species that have been extinct for over one million years, populations adapted to specific environments, or all organisms within a particular region do not encapsulate the idea of interbreeding and reproductive capabilities that are central to defining species within this framework.