In which type of fertilization are eggs fertilized outside the female's body?

The correct choice identifies external fertilization as the process where eggs are fertilized outside the female's body. This typically occurs in aquatic environments, where females release eggs into the water, and males subsequently release sperm in the same location. This method of fertilization is common among various species of fish and amphibians, as it enhances the likelihood of fertilization due to the immediacy of sperm and egg being in proximity to one another in a shared environment.

This process generally allows for a larger number of eggs to be fertilized at once, increasing the chances of species survival, given that many eggs face predation and environmental challenges. In contrast, internal fertilization occurs inside the female’s body, where sperm fertilizes the eggs after they are released. This method often results in fewer eggs being produced and requires different reproductive strategies that ensure the protection of developing embryos.

Understanding the distinct forms of fertilization highlights the diversity of reproductive strategies among different groups of organisms, reflecting adaptations to their respective environments.