In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equator, a region referred to as the metaphase plate. This alignment is crucial for ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes during cell division. The chromatids of each chromosome are attached to spindle fibers, which originate from structures called centrosomes at opposite poles of the cell. This arrangement allows for the equal distribution of genetic material, as the spindle fibers are then able to pull the chromatids apart during the subsequent phase of anaphase. Proper alignment at the metaphase plate is critical for maintaining genetic stability and preventing issues such as aneuploidy, which can lead to diseases like cancer.