How does evolution generally proceed according to its principles?

Evolution generally proceeds through the change in allele frequencies in the gene pool over time, which is a fundamental principle of evolutionary theory. This process, often referred to as microevolution, is driven by mechanisms such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and migration. As environmental conditions fluctuate and species interact with one another, certain alleles become more or less common within a population. Over many generations, these changes can lead to the emergence of new traits or adaptations that enhance the survival and reproductive success of individuals within that population.

This gradual shift in allele frequencies highlights that evolution is a continuous and dynamic process rather than a series of sudden, drastic transformations. By studying the genetic makeup and variation within populations, scientists can observe how adaptations arise and how species evolve over time in response to their environments.