During how many divisions does meiosis occur and what separates in each stage?

Meiosis consists of two distinct divisions, known as meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, which is crucial because it reduces the chromosome number in the resulting cells. Each homologous pair consists of one chromosome inherited from each parent, and their separation is essential for creating genetic diversity in gametes (sperm and eggs).

In meiosis II, the second division occurs, where sister chromatids are separated. Sister chromatids are the identical copies of a single chromosome that were created during DNA replication before meiosis begins. This division results in four genetically unique haploid cells, each containing half the original number of chromosomes.

The importance of this two-step process lies in creating genetic variation through independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis I, leading to diverse offspring in sexually reproducing organisms.